Just to throw in another wrench in the works, I'll ask a question:
Back in the ancient days of yore, I had a master's paper that needed some research materials that were not available to me where I was. When I was on Christmas vacation, I went to visit friends in a town with a much bigger math library, where I proceeded to xerox copy every article on my math topic that I could possibly find. Using the bibliogrpahies, I traced back more work and xeroxed away. Picking up on hints as to where the research at the time of the article was headed, I'd look up more authors, find more reference texts, and xerox away.
Not that I care one bit, but was that all illegal? The math college's library sold me the copier card in the first place, and this is what everyone at the time did to research their graduation papers. Unless you actually were enrolled in one of the big Universities with such reference texts, it was the only way it could be done.
This practice continues to this day. Students often copy chapters out of books. At one time, it was common practice for Prof.s to make what are called "course packs," that were composed of extensive copying from books, journals, anything - all without compensation to the original authors/publishers. There was a law suit over this, which the U of M lost, as they went beyond "fair use." So, now they pay a fee to the original publishers/authors, and make the course packs, which now cost quite a bit of money. Then, the instructor provides a copy, or several, to the library, which are loaned out for 2-4 hours at a time. And, the students copy from them what they want.
I'll just add a couple of other things to this discussion. Libraries, and I presume DVD rental places buy what are called "Institutional Copies" of DVDs that are for loan, at significantly more money than a consumer copy costs. This is because they are going to be loaning them out.
Another interesting case I read of a few years back was when some group wanted to market "family friendly" versions of popular films. They bought copies of DVDs, edited out what they found objectionable, then re-sold the altered DVDs. They thought this would be legal, since they were just reselling something they had bought. They were sued, and lost, because the original authors had the right to only have their work out in the form they wanted, i.e., unedited.
Personally, I see plenty of black and white, but also a fair amount of gray...